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Trophimus of Arles
According to Catholic lore, Saint Trophimus of Arles (also called ''Trophime'') was the first bishop of Arles, in today's southern France.
==History==
It was an early tradition of the Church〔In 417 Pope Zosimus wrote letters to the bishops of Gaul, in favour of Patroclus, bishop of Arles. In one he mentions that the Holy See had sent Trophimus into Gaul, where he was the source of "true faith", which implicitly contrasts Trophimus with the Arianism current among the Goths in control of Arles at the time Zosimus was writing.〕 that under the co-Emperors Decius and Herennius Etruscus (251 AD), Pope Fabian sent out seven bishops from Rome to Gaul, to preach the Gospel: Gatien to Tours, Trophimus to Arles, Paul to Narbonne, Saturninus to Toulouse, Denis to Paris, Austromoine to Clermont, and Martial to Limoges.
Gregory of Tours, apparently quoting from the ''Acta'' of St. Saturninus, says in effect that Trophimus arrived in Gaul with the first bishops of Tours, Paris, and other cities after the middle of 3rd century, in the consulate of Decius and Gratus.〔(Bennett, S.A., "Trophimus, 1st bishop of Arles", ''Dictionary of Early Christian Biography'', (Henry Wace, ed.), John Murray and Co., London, 1911 )〕
From the mid-fifth century〔The earliest conflation noted by Sabine Baring-Gould, ''The Lives of the Saints'', ''sub'' 29 December, was in 450, when the official deputation from Arles reported to Pope Leo the Great that Trophimus had been sent out by Saint Peter.〕 local tradition has assimilated Trophimus of Arles with the Trophimus mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles as a companion of Saint Paul. Though the Martyrium romanum identifies him as the disciple of Paul, the identification is spurious.〔Compare Saint Denis of Paris, identified with St Denis the Areopagite.〕 Saint Trophîme, as he is in French, does not rate a biography in the ''Catholic Encyclopedia'', but the church at Arles dedicated to him, built from the 12th century onwards over a third-century crypt, is one of the glorious monuments of Romanesque architecture and sculpture in Provence. In its cloister a corner figure in the north gallery, dated about 1180, represents Trophimus.〔Berhard Rupprecht, ''Romanische Skulptur in Frankreich'', (Munich) 1975:132-35.〕
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